The preclinical studies are done to understand the parallel between the real and the intended biological effect of a drug on an animal, primarily humans in order to predict the level of its efficacy. These trial phases enable the bioscientists to determine adverse events in people and to assess the risks to ensure safety.

Drug development and discovery is long term process. It takes tremendous patience and invocation as well as years of hard work which iteratively happens, a never-ending search for mechanics that are lurking in human illness and deep pockets. Recent advancements happen in genetics and genomics increase the probability that one among thousand of expected compounds attack many possible